机器人与人关系研究-以恐惑谷为例

【摘要】 机器人与人的关系是当前科技哲学、科技伦理、科技与社会领域的重要问题。恐惑谷现象是人机关系中的一个重要现象。首先介绍恐惑谷的定义和出现过程,恐惑谷现象诞生在机器人大规模应用的时代,森政弘提出了“恐惑谷”的概念。梳理了对恐惑谷相关问题的历史发展脉络。第二,从机器人(类人角色)的角度分析恐惑谷。说话语调和节奏的夸大和不足、言语声音与视觉信息的同步性等方面出现问题都会使人产生恐惑感,针对各个方面提出针对性意见,并提出某些机器人不必具有脸部交互界面,避开了恐惑谷。第三,从人的角度分析恐惑谷。正常人拥有正常的共情能力,并会对我们对他们的表情呈现出面部表情模仿。恐惑谷出现的原因,可能即因为人感知到其不能与我们共情,缺乏面部表情模仿,出于对自我的威胁的逃避,人选择拒斥类人角色。关于人机关系的研究进路,表象伦理以人为中心,是更为有效的对恐惑谷的研究进路,以表象伦理研究人机关系更有助于解决现实问题,增进人类福祉。从恐惑谷的相关研究中也可看出,人机关系目前存在着从实在论进路到关系论进路的方法论转换,实在论进路面临理论困境和实践悖论,关系论进路则避免了这些,对人类的美好生活和幸福有更为重要的意义。对智能技术和仿人功能机器人的担忧是一种新形式的恐惑谷。对新技术对就业问题的冲击是其中的典型方面,这种困难是可以被克服的。对两种有代表性的仿人功能机器人的存在进行了辩护

【Abstract】 The human-robot relationship is an important issue in the fields of philosophy of science and technology,science and technology ethics,science and technology and society.And the Uncanny Valley is an important phenomenon in human-robot relationship.Firstly,the definition and emergence process of uncanny valley are introduced.The phenomenon of uncanny valley was born in the era of large-scale application of robots.Mori put forward the concept of “uncanny Valley”.Secondly,from the perspecctive of humanlike characters,the wrong tone and rhythm of the speech,the synchronization of the speech with lip movement will produce a sense of uncanniness,targeted suggestions are put forward for different problems.Thirdly,from the perspective of human,normal people have normal empathy ability,and will show us facial expression imitation.The reason why the uncanny valley appears is that people perceive that uncanny human-like characters cannot empathize with them and have a lack of facial expression imitation.In order to avoid the threat toward the self,people choose to reject the human-like character.Ethics of appearance is a more effective approach to study the uncanny valley.To study the relationship between human and machine under appearance ethics is more helpful to solve practical problems and promote human well-being.The worry about intelligent technology and humanlike functional robots is a new form of uncanny valley.The impact of new technology on employment is a typical aspect,which can be overcome.The existence of two representative humanoid functional robots is defended.